COME AS A CHILD LESSON 90 CATCHING UP WITH ESAU

(Written by Sheila Gail Landgraf)

While we have been busy studying the life of Jacob, a lot has been going on in the life of Esau. 

Esau took his wives from the women of Canaan.  He had three wives, Adah (the daughter of Elon the Hitite) and Oholibamah (the daughter of Anah and granddaughter of Zibeon the Hivite), and Basemath (the daughter of Ishmael and sister of Nebaioth.)  More than likely this WAS the same Ishmael who was the son of Hagar, since people lived to be very, very old in those days, it is conceivable that this could happen. 

Esau was also called Edom.  His wife Adah gave him a son named Eliphaz.  His wife Basemath gave him a son named Reuel.  His wife Oholibamah gave him three sons named Jeush, Jalam and Korah.  All of these, five sons were born to Esau in Canaan. 

We are told that the two brothers, Jacob and Esau, after resolving their issues with one another separated into two groups and Esau moved some distance away to a land further distanced from Jacob.  This was not because they did not get along, but because their possessions were too great for them to remain together.  There was not enough land to support both of their groups of livestock. 

Esau settled in the country of Sier where he became known as “Edom” and the father of the Edomites.  I find it interesting that Esau’s name also changed as he grew older.  It is not said that God changed his name, only that he became known by the same name as the land he inhabited.  Though the name itself changed, the meaning behind it did not.  You could think of this more as the frequent use of a nickname that became the known name.  Edom in Hebrew means "red."  He was called Edom because he was known for trading his birthright for a bowl of red soup.  How appropriate for the land of Edom that is known for its formations of red sandstone.

Esau and his family lived in the hill country.  While they were living there Esau’s son by his wife named Adar bore Esau and Adar grandchildren; Eliphaz, had five sons born to him; Teman, Omar, Zepho, Gatam and Kenaz.  These wore born to Eliphaz by his wife. 

Eliphaz also had a concubine named Timna.  He had a son by her named Amalek.  Pay attention to Amalek the son of Timna, we will hear much about him later.   

Esau and his wife Basemath also had grandsons named; Reuel, Nahath, Zerah, Shammath and Mizzah.

Esau’s sons were all very trained and mighty military chieftains.  They were heads over each of their own tribes.  They were great patriarchal sheikhs who were celebrated as heroes by their people.

It is impossible to trace the descendants of these tribes with any accuracy .  We do have knowledge of Eliphaz the Temanite being mentioned again in the book of Job   His grandson Teman was most known for his great wisdom and the city Teman was named after him. 

As mentioned earlier Amalek became the founder of the Amalekites who later attacked the Israelites on their exodus from Egypt to Sinai.  They did not just attack them, they targeted the weakest of the people and preyed upon their vulnerabilities.  These descendants of Amalek became a powerful and famous tribe.  Since Amalek was the son of a concubine, his brothers had little use for him, and Amalek became separated from the tribes of Esau early in life and formed his own band of men.    This one descendant of Esau has given the whole clan a very bad reputation.  As the saying goes "one bad apple can spoil the whole bunch." 

We will study more about the life of Amalek at a later date.  It seems that every generation since Esau has had its own form of Amalek.  It is not so much the form of Amalek that we must prepare to fight against, but the spirit of evil that lies behind and drives that form.  We must defeat that evil spirit so much so that it will never even be remembered again.      

The Horites were the original inhabitants of the land of Sier even before Esau came there, but it seems that Esau’s sons subdued them and the remnants of their tribes intermarried with the Edomites (descendants of Esau.)   The Horites and the tribes of Esau (Edom) were so intermingled that some of the Horites became a part of the mentioned genealogy of Esau.  There is a special note in the scriptures about one of them named Anah. 

While Anah pastured the mules of his father Zibeon it seems that he discovered some warm springs with medicinal qualities.  These are possibly the springs around the area of Callirhoe on the east of the Dead Sea in the Wadi, as these springs are famous for their medicinal qualities and their very hot temperatures.  Many think that Anah was the same person as Berri who became known as “the fountain man” or the “well finder”

The sons of Esau all had cities named after them, some of these cities still have their names today.  The scriptures tell us that Edom had kings reigning and in power long before the Israelite kings came into existence. 

The chiefs, or kings, or princes, or dukes from Esau (it has been translated many different ways, but they all imply royalty and rule) were Timna, Alvah, Jetheth, Oholibamah, Elah, Pinon, Kenaz, Teman, Mibzar, Magdiel and Iram.  

Esau was known by all of these as The Father of the Edomites.

COME AS A CHILD - LESSON 89 - A SON IS BORN AND A BELOVED WIFE AND FATHER PASS AWAY

(Written by Sheila Gail Landgraf)

I’m sorry if you looked for this lesson last Thursday!  I was away at The Feast of Tabernacles enjoying a joyous feast before The Lord, and I hope you were busy doing the same with your own family! 

We left Jacob back in Bethel, worshiping God at a holy altar and giving thanks for God’s deliverance and provision for his family and descendants.  After a very holy time, the people of Jacob settled down and made Bethel home for a little while.  It was like a refuge for them, a place to stay until their troubles in the land blew over and were forgotten by the other inhabitants. 

The day came when Jacob, now called Israel, felt it was safe to move on.  They walked toward the area of Ephrath (Bethlehem) slowly because Rachel was heavy with child, and it was close to time for her to deliver. 

The birth pains came in the middle of their journey and she was having great difficulty giving birth to this child.  The midwife was with her and trying to help her.  She said to Rachel “Don’t despair, for you have another son.”

It would be a son she would give her life for.  Rachael also knew she was dying.  In her last few breaths she named her son Ben-Oni. 

In Hebrew the word “Ben” means “son.”  The root of the Hebrew word for “son” implies a building being built.  When Sarah could not have children and she told Abraham to go into her maid and have a son by her she said “Perhaps I shall be BUILT UP by her.”  The implication was “to build up.” 

This use of the words brings to mind the statement made by Jesus at a much later date; “for I say to you that God is able from these stones to raise up children to Abraham.” (Matthew 3:9), and the implication of “raise up” is the same meaning as “build up;”  which makes the use of this word from the lips of Rachel seem so much more profound.  Some scholars have noted that the Hebrew for stone (‘eben) is also related to the verb for “son” (bana) meaning “to build.” 

Jesus also said “You will be sons of the Most High (Luke 6:35) and Peter later writes “You also, as living stones, are being built up as a spiritual house.” (1 Peter 2:5)  The word “house” is frequently used to denote someone’s family but it is also used to denote any other clearly defined group, such as a guild, a castle order, or such similar organizations of people groups, such as when one speaks of “the sons of the prophets”  or “the sons of the troops,” or “the sons of exile.”

So yes, the word “ben” means son, but it also means a group of sons and a building block.  This seems to imply the building up of a nation!

The whole name given by Rachel in labor and pain to her son was Ben-Oni which many translators have traditionally translated to mean “Son of my Sorrow.”  Today many disagree with this interpretation.  Remember that until Joseph was born Rachel was childless for a very long time.   It seems highly unlikely that she would name her second son in a way that would be continuously reminding everyone that he was the cause of his mother’s death. 

We must also remember how much Jacob loved Rachel!  He spent 14 years of his life working in order to obtain her as his wife.  It is highly unlikely that he would not honor her dying wish and name their son something completely different than what she had called him, as most of us have been traditionally taught.    

Instead of accepting the traditional interpretation here, one would think that Rachel may have sought consolation that her son made it alive.  It could be that when Rachel heard the mid-wife say; “Do not fear, for now you have another son” that she chose the last part of the name to be “‘on.”

We cannot be sure how the ancient text was pronounced.  Historically, there are two ways to pronounce ‘on;  “awen” and “on.”  These two words have completely different meanings.  “Awen” means “sorrow” and “on” means “vigor.”  To be vigorous is to have strength.  It seems possible that Jacob/Israel did not rename the child after Rachel’s death; but he simply added amplification to the name she had already given.  Rachel’s meaning “this son is my progeny” (Ben-oni) becomes “This son is my strength” which translates to Benjamin.

So it was that Jacob had to bury Rachel, the love of his life.  He buried her on the way between Bethel and Bethlehem and he sat up a pillar for her tombstone.  The scriptures say that that pillar, marking Rachel’s tomb, is there to this day. 

Israel (Jacob) moved on again and set up a tent near Migdal Eder.  He now was the father of twelve sons. 

The sons of Leah were Ruben (the firstborn), Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar and Zebulun. 

The sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin.

The sons of  Rachel’s servant, Bilhah, were Dan and Naphtali.

The sons of Leah’s servant, Ziplah, were Gad and Asher.

The first born son of Jacob did many rebellious things to break his father’s heart.  It was while they were in Migdal Eder that Ruben committed a great sin and slept with Bilhah, his mother’s servant, Jacob’s concubine, mother of his half-brothers.  Israel (Jacob) knew of this.  It was no secret and it was very shameful to him.

After all of these sorrowful events in Israel’s life, he finally came back to Mamre and reunited with his father, Isaac.  Isaac was old and blind when Israel had first left home as Jacob, and it was not thought at that time that Isaac would live much longer.  He had somehow recovered his strength and he lived to be one hundred and eighty years old.  He lived to see his two sons united again.  It must have brought him joy in his old age. 

When Isaac died, he was buried in the tombs of Abraham and Sarah.  He had lived a long and full life.  Together, Jacob and Esau buried their father.

FUN UNDER THE SUN - GORHAM'S BLUFF

(Writing and photography by Sheila Gail Landgraf)

Now is the perfect time to take a break and get away from it all.  There is a beautiful little escape just waiting for you.  It is not too far away, an easy drive from Birmingham.  It is not too crowded, and it is still (except for scheduled public events) rather hidden from the public attention.  This amazing place is called Gorham’s Bluff and it is located in the small town of Pisgah, Alabama.

In 1892 W.B. Gorham was deeded eighty acres of land by the US Government.  At that time Mr. Gorham was more fondly known by the locals as “Uncle Billy.”  Uncle Billy was a Confederate veteran who built his family a remote lean-to shack in a very isolated and lonely place on the bluff.  It was so lonely that his wife and children later decided to move back down to the valley where there were a few more people.  Uncle Billy, however; continued to live in isolation.  He spent his time growing strawberries, playing his fiddle and feeding himself well with the money he received from his soldier 's pension.

About one hundred years after Uncle Billy owned the land, it was purchased by a family named McGriff.  The McGriffs loved gathering their extended family together and having picnics at one of the huge rocks on the bluff. They called this pretty little area Picnic Rock.  In 1992 the McGriff’s decided they would like to share the area with others if they could think of a way to do so without distracting from the natural beauty of the land.  They came up with an idea for a fully integrated holistic community.  A Florida neighborhood called "Seaside" was inspirational to the McGriffs as they formed their first ideas for sharing their land.    A real estate agent from Seaside, Chris Kent, introduced the McGriff’s to an architect from New Orleans named Lloyd Vogt.  Mr. Vogt sat down and shared his ideas with the McGriff’s.  In their conversations he spelled out the qualities he thought defined the best of neighborhoods.  These qualities incorporated a seamless interlacing of history, culture and architecture.   Keeping these defining thoughts in mind, the group sketched out a town plan.  This is how the dream began to form for the future of a place now known as Gorham’s Bluff.

One of the first areas to be completed was the outdoor Amphitheater The lovely open-air theater sits on the edge of the bluff.  Existing trees and rock outcroppings were incorporated into the design of the natural and artistic structure.  Today audiences can enjoy a performance while at the same time enjoying the amazing view.  The outdoor amphitheater now fills up regularly with great performing artists from all over the country.  If you are interested in performing yourself you can rent the venue - just call (256) 451-8439 and speak with the Innkeeper at The Lodge.  Just keep in mind that the amphitheater closes by 11 p.m. 

Construction started on the first home of the development during the summer of 1993.  Mr. Vogt gave each home the signature look of the town.  They all contained front porches, tower rooms, scenic views, and natural surroundings.  You may purchase one of these homes if you want; just contact Gorham's Bluff Realty.

 

In 1994 construction began on The Lodge.  This lovely building opened to the public in 1995. There have been a steady stream of happy guests lodging in the pristine serenity of this place since that first day.  It is a wonderful place for conferences, reunions and weddings.  There are public events scheduled often that you would love to enjoy for a weekend.

Three years after the building of the Lodge
 another interesting structure was added.  It was the former 1938 Pisgah High School school house where the McGriff’s had attended high school.  The building was to be torn down in order to build a new more modern one, and the McGriffs decided to move the old building to Gorham’s Bluff.  It now stands in the heart of the land with a new roof on top and new bricks on the outside and has become a community arts and activities center.  

There is a lovely mixture of the old and the new, and it all works quite well. 

Adjacent to the old school/new community arts and activities center is The Gorham’s Bluff Meeting House, which was completed in 2001 and designed by  Lloyd Vogt.   The Meeting House has cathedral ceilings and floor to ceiling windows.  The building has excellent acoustics.  It is an perfect place for meetings, performances, and workshops.  There is also a bi-weekly nondenominational church meeting held here.

As the little town began to grow people bought lots and built houses.  The true mission of the property and community began to take shape and grow.  From early on the mission of the community has been to promote arts and cultural activities in the area.  A non-profit institute was formed to promote local artist and to give the people living in this region art that they might not have otherwise experienced.  The Meeting House became the stage for theater, concerts, dance and other artistic performances. 

One of the first performances, held at the Amphitheater, was the production of a play called “Foxfire.”  This Hume Cronyn play was directed by Joe Warfield, a New York University professor, in the summer of 1994.   Next was the Gerhart Chamber Music Festival.  The Institute began bringing in top-notch classical musicians and established their signature annual event called Concert under the Stars.  This event serves a gourmet meal for 200 guests and doles out amazing performances by world class musicians.  The people of the area love this annual midsummer bluff side evening. 

Soon The Alabama Ballet became interested in Gorham’s Bluff and established a week long summer dance residency on the premises.  At the time they had the idea to bring some of their talent to the community there was no place for them to rehearse and perform.  They improvised with an open tent/stage set near the bluff.  The tent was located near a great outdoor space for setting up tables and serving gourmet meals to the audiences during their performances.  This was a very successful idea.  The tent coupled with the intimacy of the bluff side panoramic view created a one of a kind experience for both the dancers and their audiences. 

Soon the Institute incorporated a Storytelling Festival into its growing schedule of events.  The power of the story and the spoken word of the narrative were brought forth by some renowned and amazing storytellers.  This success soon led to the formation of ARTSACCESS, the Institute’s arts-education outreach.  Storytellers started visiting public schools and held assemblies and workshops with visiting dancers and musicians.  Local libraries also began to participate.  This has greatly improved the exposure to various art forms in the education of school children in the area.

In 2001 the community held a charrette (an intense, focused architectural planning session.)  They decided to consult with Mr. Steve Mouzon of Mouzon & Associates, Architects; a traditional Town Planner in Huntsville, AL.  Mr. Mouzon took on the role of Gorham’s Bluff's Town Architect, and the town hosted 75 like-minded “souls” who were all believers of the Traditional Neighborhood movement.   These people moved in for awhile and were compensated only with four meals a day and a place to sleep.  The group consisted of a full list of impressive architects, planners, developers, writers, educators, etc.  In this 48 hour charrette the various artist sketched and talked and illustrated the ideas presented by the community.  Mouzon put it all together in one package and took the presentation to the Congress of New Urbanism’s 9^th Annual Conference in New York.    That conference provided a roundtable of feedback for the community to consider. 

Four significant revisions were identified and recommended:

1)     A new concept for Main Street that would  redirect the street so that the school’s “signature” cupola is the focal point as you approach downtown from either direction with the larger homes giving way to cozier two-story homes on smaller lots to make Main Street a more viable option for young professionals and families.

2)    A plan to move the elder residences closer to the center of the town, underlining the town’s desire to be a fully inter-generational community.  The services and amenities that were generally included in independent and assisted living centers (restaurants, hair salons, libraries, clothing and retail) would be expanded to serve the entire town, with the elder residences closest to all of them.

3)    It was decided to scrap; the idea to dam up the branch on the east side of town and turn that area into a place called “Shepard Park.”  The park preserves the meandering creek, leaves the forest and creates a play area for kids.  Some Birmingham architects, Jeff Dungan and Louis Nequette, were hired to design the Shepard Park Tree House, and it was built in 2002.  This is one of the favorite places for people to gather with their children. 

4)    It was decided to design an open air performance center at the crest of downtown Gorham’s Bluff.  The plan was changed to include a quad of artists and student residences as well as a black box theatre. 

From 2003 – 2007 the Institute moved to year round programs of small events utilizing the Amphitheater and the Meeting House.  They also began to offer community arts workshops.  They continued to bring art educational opportunities for local schools, but encouraged the schools to come to the bluff instead of the bluff going to the schools. 

So now the bluff has evolved into a thriving community of artist and educators who have built on the land and are living in the community.  They are always eager to share their art and teach something new.

If this sounds interesting to you, check the schedule of events on the blog located at www.gorhamsbluff.com  and see which event you need to sign up for.

The art I would chose to indulge in here is the art of the written word.  This would be a wonderful place for any aspiring author to retreat away into the quiet and natural beauty.  One could write for hours at a time, with refreshing breaks in between each session.  You could stroll the grounds, take in some great concerts in the evenings, hike or swim, or maybe even participate in a storytelling workshop or two. 

There is an elegant southern style restaurant at The Lodge, you would not have to drive off the property to be well fed.  Evenings are quite a treat with candlelight and a four course meal.  You might want to invite someone special to share these with you. 

This spectacular retreat perches on a stately ridge hundreds of feet above the mighty Tennessee River.  It has one of the most delightful views I’ve ever seen, totally surrounded by natural beauty.   You can gaze at the luscious landscape and take in the dazzling river below the ridge from your own comfortable chair off of your lodge room’s private porch, or from the windows inside your luxurious guest quarters.  There is a lovely large Gazebo behind the Lodge. 
Anywhere you care to be or go in this area contains some type of amazing view.  It is a very scenic way to start the day while having your morning coffee.  

This scenic bluff along a mountain ridge with a river running through it has more history than Uncle Billy and the McGriffs.  It is also known as the long ago land of the Cherokee Indians, who were also drawn to the magic of the bluff.   Every time we visit this place I remember that  my great grandmother was a Cherokee,  and I always wonder if any of the Cherokee ancestors from my own family might have roamed these grounds years before I was ever born.   

You can visit Gorham's Bluff any time you wish.  Just call The Lodge ahead of time to make your reservations for a room at The Lodge or to rent one of the guest houses on the property for your family or group of friends.  

I will warn you though, if you go, you just might want to stay forever.    

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COME AS A CHILD LESSON 88 RETURNING TO BETHEL

(Written by Sheila Gail Landgraf)

The things that happened with Dinah did not make Jacob a happy father.  

The things his sons did to defend her had only brought troubles upon Jacob’s family in the land.  

It was probably a huge relief that there would be no mixing of peoples because of it; but this was only because Simeon and Levi had killed every man in the area that was not a descendant to Jacob!  They had obtained justice for one man's sins by killing many innocent men.  That isn't a very godly way to go about things! 

Jacob thought the other tribes nearby would hear of this and be very disturbed and decide to ban together against his family in the land.  He knew it was probably only a matter of time.  At a loss of what to do next, Jacob got down on his knees and sought God’s help.

God answered Jacob’s prayers by telling him to return to Bethel in the land of Canaan, where God had blessed him before.  Jacob had wrestled with God in that very place just before meeting Esau and he had previously seen the ladder to heaven there with the angels ascending and descending.  

We all have a Bethel in our lives.  A place in time  where and when God prevailed over our humanness and showed us His good and godly plans for us.  If we forget this and lose our way, God usually instructs us to go back to that sacred place.  We need to revisit the place where He instructed us in righteousness and holiness and there He shows us who he has meant for us to be all along.  It often takes several trips back to Bethel for the lessons of God to sink down into our hearts and souls enough so that we can be obedient enough to let God pour out more blessings on our days.  When we find we can LIVE in that place in righteousness, it becomes a permanent home in our hearts and the sacred enters the ordinary through the everyday events of our lives.

This was probably the most holy place on earth to Jacob. The people in the area seemed to be calling Bethel "Luz" at this point.  We have discussed the mysteries and legends around the land of Luz in previous lessons.  

Jacob still called it Bethel.  He knew the place was especially holy; and he knew he needed to clean up his family in order for them to be able to enter this land and walk on this sacred ground.  

What happened to Jacob in this part of the story happens to a lot of Christians.  You sin ,(Jacob stole Esau's birthright and deceived his father); you need to move away from all that God has given you because you have held on to that sin, (Jacob had not reconciled with Easu); you leave and go to live with pagans instead of God's people.  Then while you are there you maybe come to your senses and try to make things right where you are and you can't quite get there because everyone you have surrounded yourself with is pagan. 

 Your children are born in a pagan land and they pick up pagan practices and ways from those they have grown up with.  It is very, very hard to change this unless you come clean from your sin, (Jacob faced God and Esau) and begin to teach your household Godly ways and begin to live in righteousness. 

 The very first thing that has to happen is that your household idols must be destroyed.  I wonder how many in Jacob's household wanted to hold on to them?  It would have been so much better if they had never known of them! 

We live and learn and so did Jacob.  He was determined to work through this.  Jacob had changed, and he could be just as stubborn about his change as he had been about his deceptions.  He wanted his family clean before they entered Bethel!

He gathered them together and commanded them to give him all of their foreign gods, which they did.  They also had earrings in their ears that seemed to be inappropriate and Jacob took them too and put them with the idols and he buried it all beneath the oak tree at Shechem.

That old tree had seen some history by now! 

So Jacob told everyone in his family to purify themselves and to change their clothes.  He informed them that he was taking them to Bethel, the place where he would build an altar to God and they would worship.  He also stated that at Bethel God had previously answered his prayers when he had been in distress,  and Jacob noted to everyone that God had been with him everywhere that he had been since his experiences at Bethel.  It is almost like Jacob looked at Bethel as a place of safety and refuge that was sacred and hallowed and he was expressing this to his family so they would understand where they were going. 

When Jacob gathered everyone together, all cleaned up and idol free, they set out on the journey.  The scriptures say the terror of God fell on all the towns around them and they were not harmed in any way as they traveled through the land.  Of course, I'm sure the rumors of what Simeon and Levi had done to those Shechemites helped a little too!  That still didn't mean they did the right thing.  God has a way of turning evil and using the outcome to bring some good somewhere.  It keeps the godly from totally losing hope in many hopeless situations.  It always increases shattered faith among the people.

When they arrived at Bethel (Luz) Jacob built an altar to God exactly in the spot where God had revealed Himself to Jacob as he was fleeing from his brother.  Jacob called this place El Bethel, which means “God of Bethel.”

Shortly after they arrived in Bethel Rachel’s nurse, Deborah, died.  Deborah had lived with and faithfully served Rachel all of her life; and she had selflessly left her home land and family and everything she knew to go with Rachel when she married Jacob.  This must have been a great loss to Rachel.   Even though Deborah’s title was servant, she had been like a Mother to Rachel.  Jacob buried Deborah beneath a great oak just outside of Bethel.  They named the area Allon Bakuth, which means “Oak of Weeping.”

Has God called you to be a servant too?  If so, be a servant like Deboarh, one that loves like a mother, one that is faithful in all things, one that blesses a family in a million little ways and one that will be very missed when they are called away from life's journey.  Deborah seems to have been the servant of all servants, a female example similar to Eliezer, the exemplary male servant of Abraham.   

As Jacob and all of his family worshiped God upon first entering Bethel; God appeared to Jacob again.  Jacob was reminded of all the things that God had said to him before.  God had changed his name from Jacob to Israel, and God had said “I am God Almighty; be fruitful and increase in number.  A nation and a community of nations will come from you, and kings will be among your descendants.  The land I gave to Abraham and Isaac I also give to you, and I will give this land to your descendants after you.  God reminded Jacob of these things he already knew as he worshiped at Bethel, then the scriptures say “God went up from him.”  

Jacob set up a stone pillar in that place and poured out a drink offering to God.  He also poured oil on the stone and he called the place, Bethel, which means “House of God.”

COME AS A CHILD LESSON 87 DINAH'S BROTHERS SEEK REVENGE

(Written by Sheila Gail Landgraf)

It seemed that things were finally moving in the right direction for
Jacob, but maybe that was an illusion. 

Have you ever had a time in your own life when you faced some huge obstacles, overcame them and moved on in the right direction, then had some uncontrollable circumstances caused from other people around you robbed you of the joy of that moment and completely took away all of your peace?  That is an old trick the devil uses a lot to get us back into the place where he wants us to stay.  In Jacob’s case the devil used his children. 

Jacob and Leah had a daughter named Dinah.  Dinah made friends with some of the Hivite women in the land and she went out to visit with them. 

Sounds innocent enough doesn’t it? 

More than likely it WAS innocent and unintended to cause problems.  Young women are often naive, and they often find themselves trapped in other people's schemes simply because of their innocence.  It is sad that these situations happen.  The best of families try to avoid such things by making sure their daughters are chaperoned and not allowed to be unprotected by the older and wiser.  Perhaps because she was Leah's daughter instead of Rachel's, Jacob had neglected to teach his daughter appropriate protocol.  Many a father has lived to regret such a thing.  Actually Leah too must share in the blame of this situation with Jacob.  This whole set of circumstances could never have happened if Dinah had been properly chaperoned or at home with her family tending to other things instead of mingling with unfamiliar cultures on her own.  Hindsight is always 20-20.

Hamor was the ruler in the area where Jacob was living.  He sold Jacob the plot of land where Jacob pitched his tents and built temporary dwellings for his animals.  

While Dinah was visiting, probably with the daughters of Hamor, Hamor’s son Shechem saw Dinah, took her and raped her.  He claimed to be in love with her and the scriptures say “he spoke tenderly to her.”  Shechem asked his father to allow him to marry Dinah. 

Not one word is said about Dinah’s feelings in this matter.  

One has to wonder with the way the scriptures are worded if Shechem really raped Dinah, or if some of this was by her own consent.  It is possible that she was also attracted to him.  There is no way for us to know the truth of the matter.  It also boils down to the fact that whether Dinah consented to Shechem's favors or not, she was not legally able to make such decisions.  Jacob was the only one who could make those decisions for her.

The next thing we know Jacob has heard that Shechem has raped his daughter.  Jacob heard this while his sons were off in the fields tending to the live stock.  Unlike a lot of fathers who would have rushed to the side of their daughter and brought her home immediately, Jacob waited until the brothers of Dinah came home and discussed the matter with them.  

When Jacob told Dinah’s brothers what had happened they were furious that a foreigner would have taken a daughter of Jacob and slept with her.   This too leaves you to wonder, was it really about rape or was it about a foreign person defiling the daughter of Jacob?  It could have been both.  These two totally different cultures would not have understood each other’s ways.  Add to that the unwise moves of a young girl.  All of the dishonor could have been unintentional, or it could have been complete evil.  It is hard to understand all of this and come to a certain conclusion.   

 In the meantime Hamor appears at the door of Jacob’s tent to talk.  He tells Jacob that his son is in love with Dinah and wants to have her as his wife.  Hamor then asks Jacob to allow his sons to intermarry with his people, to let his sons marry his daughters and to allow all of Hamor’s sons to intermarry with Jacob’s people.  In turn Hamor agrees to let Jacob live in ALL of the land that belongs to him (Jacob had already bought part of the land), to trade in the land and acquire more property in the land. 

While Jacob was doing business with Hamor, and we do not know that Jacob ever agreed to anything; Jacob’s sons had a little discussion among themselves.  They all agreed that Shechem had dealt deceitfully with them, and they intended to return the favor.

 

As the brothers were looking on, probably horrified that Jacob was even listening and entertaining the offer from Hamor, Shechem shows up to talk with Jacob asking for favor in Jacob’s sight.  He tells Jacob there is nothing he would not give to have Dinah as his wife.  He offers to pay any price Jacob names to obtain his bride. 

Jacob’s sons wanted revenge not money.  They decided to deceive Shechem

just as he had deceived them by being dishonorable in taking Dinah without permission.  They told him that Dinah would never be allowed to marry an uncircumcised man.  They said such a thing would be a disgrace to an Israelite!  There was one condition, however, that might bring them into agreement.  If the men of the land became like them and were circumcised they would agree to become one people with them and live among them.  They (Dinah's brothers) agreed with Hamor and Shechem and told them if you do this, then we will give you our daughters and we will also take your daughters for ourselves.  We can all settle this and become one people in the land.  But if Shechem and his men did not agree to this, there was no deal.

The proposal seemed good to Hamor and Shechem.  So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate of the city and spoke to all the men of their city.  They persuaded every one of them to be circumcised “in order to increase the population of their people” and to “keep the peace in the land.”  They also mentioned that when this deal took place the property of Jacob, including all of his livestock, would become theirs.  How odd that we did not hear that in the negotiations between the sons of Hamor and the sons of Jacob!  Evil men will lie to get other men to agree with them politically. The men of the city saw this as a good business proposition, so they agreed to be circumcised.

I have to pause here and consider how many times in history one man’s sins have changed a nation like this.  One day they are living peacefully in the ways of their culture and someone does something wrong, presents it as right, deceives them into believing this one SIN is good for the nation and will bring positive change, and the people agree and walk straight into their own self-destruction.  I can't help but think of a time when some of the people of God will be tempted to take the mark of the beast.  It happens!  The blind follow the blind and good people are constantly forgetting to think for themselves or consult God, but like innocent little sheep they fall into the trap of believing every intention of their honored leaders are good and in their best interest.  The little sheep never consider whether the shepherd is good or bad, they just follow.  If your master is The Good Shepherd, you will know His voice.  Please do not follow any other voices!

   

Three days later, all the men of the land of Hamor were in pain as they were recovering from their recent circumcision.

 Two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, (who are believed to only have been teenagers at the time) took their swords and attacked the unsuspecting city, including Hamor and Shechem.  They killed every male inhabitant.  They took Dinah from Shechem’s house and left. 

The rest of Jacob’s sons came upon the city full of dead bodies.  They then proceeded to loot the city and seized the flocks and herds and everything else.  They carried off all the wealth and the women and children of the men from Hamor’s city as they plundered their houses.

They had not wanted a daughter of Israel to be married to another culture, but they did not mind taking the daughters of the other culture and submitting then to basically the same crimes that Dinah had to endure.  I don't think this would have been God's idea of justice.  Now Jacob's family had mixed with the people of the land, something that God had forbidden.  

When Jacob heard what Simeon and Levi had done he told them they had brought trouble to him by making him obnoxious to the Canaanites and the Perizzites who were living in the land and looking on at what had happened.   It seems odd that Jacob didn't mention to them that it was not God's will to blend the cultures or that they were forbidden from taking the women in the land as their own.

Jacob explained that their numbers were small and that these two people groups might join forces against them and out-number them and destroy them.  Had Jacob gone back to living in fear?   Do we all do this from time to time?  God grants us miracle after miracle and shows us He is on our side time after time, and we are still hearing the wrong old voices and forget that God has got our backs.  Fear should not be a Christian trait.

Levi and Simeon had only one reply, “He should not have treated our sister like a prostitute!”

Another trait that should not exist with Christians is revenge.  God is the judge.  We should let Him handle the revenge.  God always makes just decisions, men make many errors in judgement.  

Jacob's sons had repaid evil for evil.  Two wrongs do not ever make a right.  Justice had been over-served and the innocent victims of Hamor’s household were now suffering the consequences of their selfish rulers at the hands of Jacob’s zealous sons. 

It seemed Jacob was once again between a rock and hard place. Jacob knew God had promised to be with him and to bless him.  So Jacob turned to God in prayer, asking what on earth he should do next.