SEASONS - REMEMBERING THE BEGINNINGS OF THANKSGIVING

(Written by Sheila Gail Landgraf)

I find myself in a continuous pattern of thankfulness as we go through the calendar months of October, November and December in America. 

It all starts with the Hebrew Festival called The Feast of Tabernacles or Sukkot, which has already come and gone for this year.  Each year at this festival my heart is overwhelmed with Thanksgiving, then follows America’s Thanksgiving Holiday bringing more reminders of thankfulness.  I’m often reminded that Sukkot probably was the first original form of a Thanksgiving celebration. 

Among the many, many things I am grateful for this year is the fact that we have a God Who has perfectly orchestrated the history of our country, making our American roots beautiful and unique.  My eyes are opened to this fact every time I look at the similarities between Sukkot and The American Holiday of Thanksgiving. 

The Hebrew Feast of Tabernacles or Booths begins on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, after the crops are all gathered in for the winter.  So  we see this similar pattern already in that this too  is a fall harvest activity, very much in the nature of The American Thanksgiving holiday.   

God instructed the Israelites to observe the Feast of Tabernacles by building and living in temporary booths for seven days so that they would remember the exodus from Egypt when they lived in tents, or booths, in the dessert.  It was to help them to remember how God dwelt among them and tabernacled with them as they sojourned to a new land.  In other words it was a time to remember all the good and great things that God had done for them. 

Exodus 25:8 speaks of this:   “Then have them make a sanctuary for me, and I will dwell among them. Make this tabernacle and all its furnishings exactly like the pattern I will show you.” (NIV)

There were also other reasons for dwelling in booths near the threshing floors.  Threshing floors were the place of the harvest.  The harvest was income.  The threshing floors were always in danger of being robbed.  This was less likely to happen if someone was sleeping in a temporary booth in the fields until all the 
grain was removed.  It was customary for the family to move out to the vicinity of the threshing floor in order to work together as well as to protect the harvest.  

The mother would prepare meals there in the shade and she would take her turn with the father and the children to ride on the sledge.  

This was what was going on when Ruth approached Boaz.  He was sleeping in a Sukkah near the threshing floor guarding the grain.  

The ancient people gladly added God’s instructions for the Holy Days to this tradition, and they turned this time into a joyous celebration full of Thanksgiving. 

 Isn’t that just like our Great God to turn dread and fear into a time of celebration and joy?  He is a God of great reversals. 

We look at the Hebrew people dwelling in booths during The Feast of Tabernacles/Sukkot and we can't help but think of the lean-tos on the sides of the first log cabins that the settlers built.  They were temperory dwellings with three sides and a door.  They were often the shelter offereed to strangers passing through to spend the night.  They were a form of exteneded hospitality, just like a sukkah has come to be in today's celebrations.

Historians now note that the first Jews arrived in America with Christopher Columbus in 1492.  Jews newly converted to Christianity were also among the first Spaniards to live in Mexico with Conquistador Hernando Cortez in 1519.  In North America in 1654 Jews arrived in New Amsterdam which later came to be known as New York.  There were 23 Jewish refugees from Recif, Brazil. 
 “These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off were assured of them, embraced them and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth.” (Hebrews 11:13)

The Hebrew feast is celebrated by a full week of rejoicing, dancing, singing and feasting and is called “The Season of our Joy”.  Many of us gathering for Thanksgiving in America find ourselves doing the same things with all the same intentions in our hearts.  We too find our year coming to a close and are looking at the harvests of our lives for this season.  We are thankful for the ways that God has chosen to bless us. 

There seems to be a widely held opinion that The Pilgrim/Puritans based Thanksgiving on their knowledge of The Feast of Tabernacles.  The Puritans were great followers of the Hebrew Scriptures.  The Bible was the Puritan’s most important guide to living.  They could have noticed the description of The Feast of Tabernacles found in Leviticus and Deuteronomy and followed this pattern for their own celebration.  Also, there could have been some Jewish believers among these first settlers who might have been keeping these traditional feasts all along.  There was a group that moved to the Netherlands before joining the pilgrims from England as they began their journey across the sea.  These had lived among the Dutch and had associated with Jewish believers in that land who would have kept the festival of Sukkot. 

It is extremely clear that the laws of the first colonies were based on biblical principals from the scriptures.  The New Haven legislators adopted a legal code called the Code of 1655 that contained 79 statutes.  Half of these 79 statutes included biblical references, and it is very clear that they came from the Hebrew bible.  The Plymouth Colony had a similar law code, and so did the Massachusetts Colony.  In 1641 the Massachusetts Colony adopted The Capital Laws of New England.  These laws were based almost entirely on the Mosaic law. 

It is highly possible that some of our American heroes might have been from people of Jewish roots who had come to the shores of America long before the Mayflower ever sailed.   

Already living in the land at the time, they may have been among those who came to the aid of the pilgrims that first year.  Many wanted to turn these Jewish brothers away and chase them out of the area, but The Dutch West Indian Company depended heavily on their investments and helped them to stay.  By the time of The War of Independence, there was an estimated 2,000, mostly Sephardic Jews living in America.  Their contributions to the causes of the country were very significant.  Not only did they fight alongside of the Patriots, but these Jews provided great financial contributions in the years after the first colonies arrived.  One of the greatest among them was Haym Salomon, who lent a great deal of money to The Continental Congress in the last days of the war.  He was never paid back a dime and died bankrupt.

There was also a well known metallurgist named Gaunse who had come to America with a Spanish expedition from the Queen of England.  Jews were not allowed to go to the colonies at that time, but this man was so knowledgeable about copper that an exception was allowed in his case. 

So it is highly possible that some Jewish thoughts were floating around among the colonies.  This coupled with the strict interpretations and emphasis on the scriptures might have contributed to the first Thanksgiving celebration.

Their feast was held after their fall harvest, just as the one the Hebrews held.  

The chain of events leading up to the first Thanksgiving in America is amazing when you think about it.  The Pilgrims too had made a great exodus to come to a new place where they would be allowed to worship God as they chose to do, in the way that they thought God intended.  The Israelites crossed the Red Sea; the Pilgrims crossed the Atlantic Ocean.  Both journeys were filled with dangers and perils.  Upon arriving at their destination both groups experienced apprehension and adjustments.  They had to gather their courage to be brave in an unfamiliar land, and they had to learn to get along with strange people who had totally different cultures.  Both brave groups of people had to learn how to live in peace and harmony with those around them even if they had great differences in lifestyles.  For these Pilgrims America had become The Promised Land.   So it was that they recognized and followed the customs of the Israelites who had for many years given thanks for abundant harvests in the eight day celebration of the Feast of Tabernacles. 

The land of England where the colonist hailed from originally had a custom to observe a Harvest Festival, but the Pilgrims had not associated themselves with their homeland’s festivals because of their many pagan customs.  Once they arrived in America, they made every effort to observe things in their days that were accurately associated with God.  They were more concerned with religious matters than politics or social issues.  It is also thought that they adopted a Sabbatarian view of observing the Sabbath from sunset on Friday till sunset on Saturday.  They were heavily influenced by preaching and teachings on Millennialism.  They believed there would be a “Golden Age” or “Paradise on Earth” in which Christ will reign for 1000 years prior to the final judgment of mankind.  This all plays into the theology of the Christian symbolism in the celebration of Sukkot, which many Christians today live out once a year in sort of a “dress rehearsal” of The Millennial Kingdom of Christ.  These fundamentals of Christian doctrine are now commonly taught practices and observances in most evangelical based churches of faith today. 

The Puritans chose to separate themselves from The Church of England based on the following scripture passage:  “And you will be hated by all for My name’s sake. But he who endures to the end will be saved. When they persecute you in this city, flee to another. For assuredly, I say to you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel before the Son of Man comes.” (Matthew 10:22-23). 

These Puritans/Pilgrims did everything according to the truth they found in the scriptures.  They followed The Word of God in a strict and detailed manner.  In other words they believed in living out the scriptures in their daily lives.  The passage said to “flee” when you are persecuted for worshiping God; and so they did.  On a ship called The Mayflower.  102 passengers began the long voyage.  Though the mast of their ship broke in a severe storm, they were able to repair it and eventually found themselves on the shores of Provincetown Harbor, Massachusetts.  When the mast was broken there was discussion of turning back.  Everyone decided to take the risk and keep going forward. The first use of the word “Pilgrims” appeared in William Bradford’s writings ‘Of Plymouth Plantation.’  In his writings he used the imagery of Hebrews 11:13-16 for those who had an opportunity to return to their homelands but instead longed for a better, heavenly country. 

There was nothing in this new land that required the education of the founder’s children.  Yet, these brave people felt education was very important and established their own unique system of studies.  John Winthrop declared that their schools should be the beginning of “A City Upon A Hill” that all the people turned to for education and learning.  The founders were not amateurs; most of them had attended either Oxford or Cambridge and before coming to the new land they had communicated with intellectuals throughout Europe.  Eventually the school they established became known as Harvard University.  My point in explaining this is to express that these were well educated men, highly capable of discerning mistakes and blunders of bad choices and totally capable of interpreting the scriptures with great intellect.  They had something special that many others did not, however; they had heart and passion for the fruit of their intellectual endeavors.  Oh that Harvard would return to its original roots.

So we see that even in the field of education, these very educated and knowledgeable men –patterned their lives after the culture of The Hebrew people and their stories that are played out in our Bibles.  Think of the similarities that we have discussed so far.  They both were people who set themselves apart in order to worship God in the way they thought He desired to be worshipped.  The Pilgrims considered the scriptures found in Deuteronomy 14:2: 

"For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God, and the LORD hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto Himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth." (Deuteronomy 14:2)

The Pilgrims chose to pattern themselves after the nation that God chose and put His name upon; The Nation of Israel.  This being true, it is highly possible that these well learned men studied and followed the feast and festivals of God found in our Old Testament scriptures.  Perhaps they had read and understood the significance of Deuteronomy 6:3: 

"Therefore hear, O Israel, and be careful to observe it, that it may be well with you, and that you may multiply greatly as the LORD God of your fathers has promised you - ‘a land flowing with milk and honey.’" 

That first winter proved harsh and forbidding.  There were many illnesses and they were to the point of starvation in the first settlement.  They found the Hand of God was with them as they learned to get along with an unusual culture of people who were already living on the continent.  They cooperated with these Indians and combined their resources.  This is how they were able to rise above their problems.  They were humble before God and were willing to learn new things, and most of all they were willing to reach out and receive and return love from those that were not familiar to them. 

As we keep looking at the patterns of that first Feast of Tabernacles of the Hebrews and also observing our national ancestors, we see so many parallels.  It has been discovered that some of the Jewish New “Englanders kept track of these historical parallels too; that both people groups were persecuted for their beliefs, left their homes and came to a new land, survived the first year and celebrated a time of Thanksgiving before God after their Fall Harvest. It seems that William Bradford, who was the first governor of the Pilgrims proclaimed the first Thanksgiving by using the Scriptures – both from the Old and New Testaments for guidance in governing the colony. 

So we conclude that the hard and dangerous journey that led to Plymouth Rock, in a very real sense began with that earlier migration from Egyptian slavery toward Mount Sinai and led onward toward Ellis Island, and every other landing place where the later generations of pilgrims arrived at on these shores.

Today, as we approach Thanksgiving once more, the journey continues for America, for each of us, in our own lives and for all the people of our country as a whole. The Pilgrims were the first to sense that America had a unique destiny in human history.  Governor Bradford wrote, ‘just as one small candle may light a thousand others, and loose none of it’s own light, so too will we — but few in number — become a beacon for all people!”

May Governor Bradford’s words once again be so.  We Americans stand at a critical crossroad in our nation’s life. The challenge of keeping our freedom and liberty, of being able to work to provide for our families and the fight for living and raising our children in a godly manner and worshiping in a land that provides freedom and justice for all people to pursue and fulfill their dreams is still unrealized, even after 393 years since the Mayflower found its way to a safe harbor.  We too, may well have some dangerous seas and painful trials ahead of us, before we can gather with all our neighbors in a pure celebration of Thanksgiving once more.  But the example of our Pilgrim ancestors can continue to inspire and guide us as we reaffirm the freedom of conscience and independent spirit they stood for.  Let us all strive to again be “one nation under God” and  continue our quest for peace on earth, good will to man.